{"id":1673,"date":"2018-01-15T10:50:29","date_gmt":"2018-01-15T10:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ut.ee\/EACH\/?p=1673"},"modified":"2018-01-15T17:03:36","modified_gmt":"2018-01-15T17:03:36","slug":"acidity-of-strong-acids-pka-in-water-and-organic-solvents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/acidity-of-strong-acids-pka-in-water-and-organic-solvents\/","title":{"rendered":"Acidity of strong acids (p<em>K<\/em><sub>a<\/sub>) in water and organic solvents"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n<!--\n \/* Font Definitions *\/\n @font-face\n\t{font-family:Calibri;\n\tpanose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}\n@font-face\n\t{font-family:Garamond;\n\tpanose-1:2 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 8 3;}\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal\n\t{margin-top:0cm;\n\tmargin-right:0cm;\n\tmargin-bottom:10.0pt;\n\tmargin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Calibri;}\np.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader\n\t{margin-top:0cm;\n\tmargin-right:0cm;\n\tmargin-bottom:10.0pt;\n\tmargin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Calibri;}\np.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter\n\t{margin-top:0cm;\n\tmargin-right:0cm;\n\tmargin-bottom:10.0pt;\n\tmargin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Calibri;}\np.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption\n\t{margin-top:6.0pt;\n\tmargin-right:0cm;\n\tmargin-bottom:6.0pt;\n\tmargin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:115%;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Calibri;\n\tfont-weight:bold;}\np.MsoBodyText, li.MsoBodyText, div.MsoBodyText\n\t{margin:0cm;\n\tmargin-bottom:.0001pt;\n\tfont-size:14.0pt;\n\tfont-family:Garamond;}\na:link, span.MsoHyperlink\n\t{color:blue;\n\ttext-decoration:underline;}\na:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed\n\t{color:purple;\n\ttext-decoration:underline;}\n \/* Page Definitions *\/\n @page Section1\n\t{size:595.3pt 841.9pt;\n\tmargin:2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm 2.0cm;}\ndiv.Section1\n\t{page:Section1;}\n \/* List Definitions *\/\n ol\n\t{margin-bottom:0cm;}\nul\n\t{margin-bottom:0cm;}\n-->\n<\/style>\n<p><\/head><\/p>\n<p><body lang=ET link=blue vlink=purple><\/p>\n<div class=Section1>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ams.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/pKa_Acidity_in_Acetonitrile_Water_DCE_Gas_Phase1-e1359836116530.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ams.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/pKa_Acidity_in_Acetonitrile_Water_DCE_Gas_Phase1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"pKa_Acidity_in_Acetonitrile_Water_DCE_Gas_Phase\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1809\" \/><\/a> Measurements and computations of acidity and basicity of strong and superstrong acids (superacids) and bases in organic solvents is among the core research topics at the UT Chair of Analytical Chemistry. In a recent works (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7sc01424d\"><em>Chem. Sci.<\/em> <strong>2017<\/strong>, <em>8<\/em>, 6964-6973.<\/a>,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/poc.2946\"><em>J. Phys. Org. Chem<\/em>. <strong>2013<\/strong>, <em>26<\/em>, 162-170.<\/a>,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/jp506485x\"><em>J. Phys. Chem. A<\/em> <strong>2015<\/strong>, <em>119<\/em>, 735\u2013743.<\/a>,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b02253\"><em>J. Phys. Chem. A<\/em> <strong>2016<\/strong>, <em>120<\/em>, 3663\u20133669.<\/a>) the behavior of a number of acids &#8211; ranging from weak to strong and superstrong acids (superacids) was examined in three solvents (water, acetonitrile, 1,2-dichloroethane) and in the gas phase. Acidities (p<em>K<\/em><sub>a<\/sub> values) of a number of different acids including the well-known superacids trifluoromethanesulfonic (triflic) acid, bis-trifylimide (Tf<sub>2<\/sub>NH), etc as well as the carborane superacids (closo-carborane superacids), but also weaker acids (HCl, acetic acid, phenol) etc are examined in the above mentioned solvents. p<em>K<\/em><sub>a<\/sub> of superacids are not easy to find in literature. Trends of acidity changes on moving from water to the gas phase depnding on the on the nature of the acidity centre and the molecular structure are analyzed. The acidity orders are different in water, MeCN, DCE and the gas phase. In some cases &#8211; notably, the hydrohalogenic acids HCl, HBr and HI &#8211; the differences are dramatic. These three acids are among the strongest known acids in water but have modest acidity in the gas phase. In contrast, 9\u2011C<sub>6<\/sub>F<sub>5<\/sub>\u2011Octafluorofluorene, a weak acid in water (approximately of the strength of phenol) is quite strong acid in the gas phase, beating any of the hydrohalogenic acids.<\/p>\n<p>It is demonstrated that the decisive factor for behavior of the acids when transferring between different media is the extent of charge delocalization in the anion and that the recently introduced WAPS parameter in spite of its simplicity enables interpretation of the trends in the majority of cases. The acidity data together with references to specific publications are collected in the Table below.<\/p>\n<p class=MsoCaption><a name=\"_Ref305789241\"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n12.0pt;line-height:115%'>Table <\/span><\/a><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n12.0pt;line-height:115%'>of p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub> values<i><sup>a<\/sup><\/i> of acids in different solvents.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0\n style='margin-left:3.5pt;border-collapse:collapse'><\/p>\n<tr style='height:12.75pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;border:none;border-top:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;border:none;border-top:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;border:none;\n  border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;border:none;border-top:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;border:none;\n  border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;border:none;\n  border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:12.75pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Acid<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>H<sub>2<\/sub>O<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>MeCN<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>DCE<i><sup>b<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>GP<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>GP<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:12.75pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:\n  10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><b><i><span lang=EN-US\n  style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>GA<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:12.75pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:12.75pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Fluoradene<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>11.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>23.90<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>12.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>238<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>324.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Para-Toluenesulfonamide, 4-CH<sub>3<\/sub>-C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub>-SO<sub>2<\/sub>-NH<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>10.21<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>26.87<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>15.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>245<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>334.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>9&#8209;C<sub>6<\/sub>F<sub>5<\/sub>&#8209;Octafluorofluorene<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>10.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>18.88<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>9.0<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>220<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>300.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Phenol<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>10.00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>29.14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>19.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>251<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>342.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(C<sub>6<\/sub>F<sub>5<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CHCN<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>9.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>21.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>10.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>229<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>312.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>C<sub>6<\/sub>F<sub>5<\/sub>CH(CN)COOEt<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>5.89<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>17.75<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>7.5<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>230<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>313.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>2,4-Dinitrophenol, 2,4-(NO<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>-C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>3<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4.09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>16.66<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>226<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>308.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(CF<sub>3<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>COH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>5.40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>20.55<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>9.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>238<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>324.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Acetic acid, CH<sub>3<\/sub>COOH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4.76<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>23.51<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>15.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>250<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>341.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(4-CF<sub>3<\/sub>-C<sub>6<\/sub>F<sub>4<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>CHCN<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4.4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>16.13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>6.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>221<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>302.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4-NO<sub>2<\/sub>-C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub>-CH(CN)<sub>2<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>2.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>11.61<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>220<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>299.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Saccharin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>1.80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>14.57<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>5.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>232<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>315.9<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Picric acid, 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.40<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>11.00<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>219<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>299.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(4-NO<sub>2<\/sub>-C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub>-SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>NH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&lt;-1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>8.19<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-3.9<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>213<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>291.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(CF<sub>3<\/sub>SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>3<\/sub>C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-2.0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>4.48<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-6.6<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>208<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>284.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(CF<sub>3<\/sub>SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>NH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&lt;-2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.3<i><sup>d<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-11.9<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>210<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>286.9<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>(C<sub>2<\/sub>F<sub>5<\/sub>SO<sub>2<\/sub>)<sub>2<\/sub>NH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&lt;-2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-0.10<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-12.4<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>208<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>283.7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Cyanoform, (CN)<sub>3<\/sub>CH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-5.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>5.1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-6.4<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>216<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>294.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Triflicid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, CF<sub>3<\/sub>SO<sub>2<\/sub>OH<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-14.7<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.70<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-11.3<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>215<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>292.7<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride, HCl<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-5.9<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>10.30<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>0.2<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>241<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>328.1<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Hydrobromic acid, hydrogen bromide, HBr<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-8.8<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>5.5<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-4.4<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>233<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>318.3<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Sulfuric acid, H<sub>2<\/sub>SO<sub>4<\/sub><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-9<i><sup>e<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>8.7<i><sup>d<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-2.2<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>221<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>301.2<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Pentacyanopropene<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-9.02<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-2.80<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-15.3<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>196<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>267.2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>Hydroiodic acid, hydrogen iodide, HI<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-9.5<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>2.8<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-7.3<i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>227<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>309.3<i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>CB<sub>11<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>H, unsubstituted <i>closo<\/i>-Carborane superacid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-25<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-17<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-25<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=top style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>195<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>266.5<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>B<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>, unsubstituted <i>closo<\/i>-Dodecaborate superacid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-17<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-9<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-17<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=top style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>196<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>267.5<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>CB<sub>11<\/sub>F<sub>12<\/sub>H, perfluoro-<i>closo<\/i>-Carborane superacid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-47<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-39<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-47<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=top style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>156<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>212.8<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>B<sub>12<\/sub>F<sub>12<\/sub>H<sub>2<\/sub>, perfluoro-<i>closo<\/i>-Dodecaborate superacid<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-45<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-37<i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=top style='width:42.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>-45<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=top style='width:32.05pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>156<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;\n  height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;\n  text-align:center;line-height:normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;\n  font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>213.4<i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style='height:13.5pt'>\n<td width=340 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:9.0cm;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=45 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:33.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=52 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:38.95pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=56 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:42.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:\n  solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=43 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:32.05pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=48 nowrap valign=bottom style='width:35.65pt;border:none;\n  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 3.5pt 0cm 3.5pt;height:13.5pt'><\/p>\n<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:\n  normal'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:\"Arial\",\"sans-serif\"'>&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p class=MsoNormal><i><sup><span lang=EN-US>a<\/span><\/sup><\/i><span lang=EN-US> Values from <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/poc.2946\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/poc.2946<\/a> unless noted otherwise. There are numerous comments and details to these values. Please see the original articles for details and comments. <i>GA<\/i> values are given in kcal mol<sup>-1<\/sup>. p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub> values in the gas phase are approximate and have been obtained from the <i>GA<\/i> values by dividing with 1.364 kcal mol<sup>-1<\/sup>. <i><sup>b<\/sup><\/i> Ion pair p<i>K<\/i><sub>a<\/sub> values relative to picric acid in 1,2-dichloroethane. <i><sup>c<\/sup><\/i> Values from <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7sc01424d\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c7sc01424d<\/a>. <i><sup>d<\/sup><\/i> Values from <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/jo101409p\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/jo101409p<\/a>. <i><sup>e<\/sup><\/i> Value from E. V. Anslyn, D. A. Dougherty, <i>Modern Physical Organic Chemistry<\/i>, University Science Books, Sausalito, <b>2006<\/b>. <i><sup>f<\/sup><\/i> Values from <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/jp506485x\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/jp506485x<\/a>. DCE values have been recalculated from absolute to relative, in order to be comparable with the rest. <i><sup>g<\/sup><\/i> Values from <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b02253\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b02253<\/a>. <i><sup>h<\/sup><\/i> Crude estimates from DCE data by considering that bulk water is by 53 kcal mol<sup>-1<\/sup> more basic than bulk DCE and bulk acetonitrile is by 42 kcal mol<sup>-1<\/sup> more basic than bulk DCE.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(This post was initially posted on Feb 2, 2013. On Jan 15, 2017 a number values in the table have been replaced by more reliable values from more recent publications. In addition, some compounds were added to the in order to give a fuller picture. The changes concern only the table. The image has not been changed and should be viewed as illustrative)<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">_END_<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Measurements and computations of acidity and basicity of strong and superstrong acids (superacids) and bases in organic solvents is among the core research topics at the UT Chair of Analytical Chemistry. In a recent works (Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 6964-6973.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2013, 26, 162-170.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J. Phys. Chem. A 2015, 119, 735\u2013743.,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1673"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12471,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673\/revisions\/12471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/each.ut.ee\/EACH\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}